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   By Dr  Hari Gopinath,   Consultant Paediatrician ,  Ankura Hospital  for Women and Children, Kompally Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a significant public health challenge in India, with millions affected annually. The primary vectors include mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies, transmitting diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and leishmaniosis ( Kala Azar or Black Disease ). Recent data from 2024 highlights the increasing incidence of these diseases, emphasizing the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. In 2024, India reported approximately 1.2 million cases of malaria, a 15% increase compared to the previous year. In Hyderabad alone, there were around 30,000 cases of dengue, marking a 20% rise. Additionally, chikungunya cases reached 15,000, while leishmaniasis affected around 5,000 individuals, predominantly in rural areas. These figures indicate a worrying trend, exacerbated by urbanization, climate change, and inadequate ...