Decoding PCOS: Insights into the Silent Hormonal Disruptor
BY Dr. S.N. Sailaja Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist,
Ankura Hospital for women and children, LB Naga
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
is a multifactorial endocrine disorder
primarily characterized by chronic
anovulation, affecting women of reproductive age. The hallmark symptoms of PCOS
include irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and
weight gain. It is recognized as the most prevalent female endocrine disorder
and a leading cause of infertility, with a global prevalence ranging from 6% to
26%. In India, the prevalence is reported to be between 3.7% and 22.5%,
affecting approximately 20% of young women.
PCOS
is influenced by several risk factors, including genetic predisposition,
neuroendocrine abnormalities, sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, and obesity.
Although synthetic drugs such as metformin and oral contraceptive pills
are commonly prescribed for treatment, concerns about their side effects have
led to an increasing interest in traditional and herbal remedies.
The condition
can be classified into four main types:
1.
Insulin-resistant PCOS: The most common form, associated with high insulin
levels leading to excessive androgen production and
ovulatory dysfunction.
2.
Inflammatory PCOS: Characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which stimulates androgen production.
3.
Hidden-cause PCOS: Often linked
to underlying conditions such as thyroid
disorders or deficiencies in certain nutrients.
4.
Pill-induced PCOS: Triggered by the use of hormonal
birth control, which can disrupt
normal hormonal balance upon discontinuation.
Women
with PCOS may experience a range of symptoms, including Missed or irregular
menstrual cycles, Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, Excessive body hair
growth (hirsutism), Weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, Acne or oily skin, Male-pattern baldness
or hair thinning, Difficulty with fertility
PCOS can also
lead to serious medical
conditions such as Type
2 Diabetes, Hypertension,
Hyperlipidaemia, Endometrial or Breast
Cancer, and Depression. The
psychological impact of PCOS is significant, with many women experiencing anxiety,
depression, and a reduced quality
of life. Research
indicates that women with
PCOS have higher rates of these mental
health issues compared
to the general female population, which can adversely
affect their self-esteem and social relationships.
PCOS
is diagnosed through a combination of physical examinations, blood tests, and
imaging studies. A pelvic examination assesses
the health of reproductive organs,
while blood tests measure hormone
levels. An abdominal ultrasound is often used to evaluate
the size of the ovaries
and the thickness of the endometrium.
Additional tests, such as glucose
tolerance and lipid profiles, may be recommended to monitor overall
health.
PCOS
cannot be cured, but it can be effectively managed. It is a chronic condition
that requires long-term management rather than a one-time
cure. However, with appropriate treatment
and lifestyle changes,
many of the symptoms and complications associated with PCOS can be
controlled, allowing women to lead healthy, fulfilling lives.
1. Lifestyle Modifications:
o
Diet and Exercise: A balanced diet and
regular physical activity can help manage weight, improve insulin sensitivity,
and regulate menstrual cycles. Even modest weight loss can significantly reduce
symptoms.
o
Stress Management: Techniques such as mindfulness, yoga, and counselling can help manage the stress and anxiety that often
accompany PCOS.
2. Medications:
o
Hormonal Birth Control: Oral contraceptives are commonly prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels,
and manage symptoms like acne and hirsutism.
o
Insulin Sensitizers: Medications like
metformin can help improve insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial for
managing symptoms and reducing the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes.
o
Anti-Androgens: These medications can
reduce excessive hair growth and acne by blocking the effects of androgens.
3. Fertility Treatments:
o
For women with PCOS who are
trying to conceive, fertility treatments such as ovulation- inducing
medications (e.g., clomiphene citrate) or assisted reproductive technologies
(e.g., IVF) may be necessary.
4. Surgical Options:
o
In some cases, laparoscopic
ovarian drilling may be considered to stimulate ovulation in women who do not respond to other treatments. However, this is typically a last resort option.
While
PCOS itself cannot be cured, the symptoms can be managed to the point where
they have minimal impact on daily life. With ongoing management, many women
with PCOS can conceive, reduce the risk of associated conditions like diabetes
and heart disease,
and maintain a good quality
of life. Regular
monitoring and adjustments to treatment plans are crucial,
as PCOS symptoms and their severity can change over time.
For
comprehensive guidance and support in managing PCOS, the gynaecologists at Ankura Hospital offer expert,
individualized care tailored to each patient's unique needs. Ankura Hospital is
dedicated to addressing the multifaceted challenges of PCOS, providing a holistic approach
to treatment and empowering
women to take control of their health.
Raising
awareness about PCOS and encouraging women to adopt the right knowledge,
attitudes, and practices are crucial steps in effectively managing this
disorder. Through education and support, we can improve the quality of life for
women with PCOS and help them navigate the challenges they face.
Comments
Post a Comment